Microarray analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica from preharvest poultry environment |
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Authors: | W Zou JG Frye C-W Chang J Liu CE Cerniglia R Nayak |
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Institution: | Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA; Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA; Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA |
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Abstract: | Aims: To detect antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from turkey flocks using the microarray technology. Methods and Results: A 775 gene probe oligonucleotide microarray was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes in 34 isolates. All tetracycline-resistant Salmonella harboured tet(A) , tet(C) or tet(R) , with the exception of one Salmonella serotype Heidelberg isolate. The sul1 gene was detected in 11 of 16 sulfisoxazole-resistant isolates. The aadA , aadA1 , aadA2 , strA or strB genes were found in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates of Salm. Heidelberg, Salmonella serotype Senftenberg and untypeable Salmonella . The prevalence of mobile genetic elements, such as class I integron and transposon genes, in drug-resistant Salmonella isolates suggested that these elements may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in the preharvest poultry environment. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated a close relationship between drug-resistant phenotypes and the corresponding antimicrobial resistance gene profiles. Conclusions: Salmonella serotypes isolated from the poultry environment carry multiple genes that can render them resistant to several antimicrobials used in poultry and humans. Significance and Impact of the Study: Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental Salmonella isolates could be identified efficiently by microarray analysis. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the data was also found to be a useful tool for analysing emerging patterns of drug resistance. |
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Keywords: | antimicrobial resistance genes hierarchical analysis microarray poultry Salmonella turkey |
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