Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic-resistant genes: An impending source of multidrug resistance dissemination through raw food |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;2. HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;3. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan;4. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan |
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Abstract: | This study aimed to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae in raw food items. A total of 261 raw food items, including vegetables, fruits, meat, and milk samples, were collected and processed for isolation of K. pneumoniae. Further antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular analysis was done to analyze the drug resistance encoding genes. The prevalence rate of K. pneumoniae was found to be high (38%), and the raw milk samples were predominantly contaminated (19/51), followed by fruits (12/51), meat (11/51), and vegetables (9/51). However, no significant association was observed for the isolation of K. pneumoniae and any particular specimen. Among the isolates, 43% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, 24% were AmpC, and 20% were carbapenemase producers. The highest rates of ESBLs and AmpC were observed in vegetables (cabbage, bell pepper, and spinach) and carbapenemases in raw chicken, fish, and raw meat samples. Notably, blaCTX-M was the most prevalent, followed by blaSHV and blaTEM. Six K. pneumoniae possessed blaMOX, and five possessed blaFOX genes. Numerous carbapenemases were identified with a higher proportion of blaNDM. This study indicates that raw vegetables, fruits, meat, and milk are exposed to contaminants. These findings imply a potential threat that drug-resistant K. pneumoniae pathogens could transmit to humans through raw vegetables, fruits, and meat. |
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Keywords: | Raw food Food contaminants β-lactamase Drug resistance Antibacterials ESBL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_tIiyh3nlw7"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Extended spectrum beta lactamases NCBI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_18jnrnWy7u"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"National center for Biotechnology Information CFU"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_949uDHuDsD"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Colony forming unit MIC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_9eM8XIYexY"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Minimum inhibitory concentration |
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