Isolation, structure and expression of cDNA and genomic clones for murine eosinophil differentiation factor. Comparison with other eosinophilopoietic lymphokines and identity with interleukin-5

Eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF) is a recently described regulator affecting eosinophil growth and activation. cDNA clones for murine EDF were isolated by direct expression from libraries prepared from the T cell hybrid NIMP-TH1. The longest cDNA clone obtained was 1534 bp in length encoding a polypeptide of 133 amino acids. Two variant cDNAs suggesting alternative RNA processing events were detected. The EDF gene was cloned from a genomic lambda library and a region of 6727 bp encompassing the gene was sequenced. The gene contains three introns 829, 1875 and 79 bases in length and has numerous repetitive sequences. A common, possible regulatory element, including a conserved decamer, lies adjacent to the TATA boxes of the EDF and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes and similar sequences are present in some other lymphokine genes. Recombinant EDF produced in monkey COS cells strongly stimulated the eosinophil lineage and also showed B-cell-growth factor II (BCGFII) activity whereas recombinant murine interleukin-3 and GM-CSF showed much broader activity towards the different myeloid lineages, were less active on eosinophils and had no BCGFII activity. The BCGFII activity of recombinant EDF together with a comparison of the BCGFII (interleukin-5) cDNA sequence with that of the EDF cDNA establishes that these two activities are the properties of a single polypeptide.