基于多源数据空间分析的国家公园管控分区研究——以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例

《关于建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的指导意见》提出国家公园实行管控分区的要求,以便实现国家公园最严格保护目标。然而,国家公园管控分区评价的指标尚不明确,以浙江钱江源国家公园体制试点区（以下简称"钱江源国家公园"）为研究对象,采用层次分析法从基础环境（包括高程、植被指数、交通道路影响和基本农田）、重点野生动植物分布（野生动植物、黑麂生境适宜性和白颈长尾雉生境适宜性）、自然资源保护基础（古田山国家级自然保护区、钱江源国家森林公园、钱江源风景名胜区和生态公益林）和生态现状（生态功能适宜性评价、自然资源承载力、三区三线和土地利用现状）等指标构建多源数据空间分析指标体系,利用空间叠加分析技术获取钱江源国家公园的管控分区结果,并与管控分区最终结果进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）基于多源数据的方法能有效地识别钱江源国家公园内生态保护价值较高区域;（2）多源数据空间分析结果与最终管控分区结果对比显示,其总体精度为78.07%（197.70 km²）,在核心保护区精度为83.55%（127.99 km²）,一般控制区精度为69.67%（69.71 km²）;（3）影响精度主要原因是新调入区域基础数据不足,以及通过定性分析解决管控分区破碎化等。研究认为基于多源空间数据分析技术能够客观、高效地划分国家公园管控分区,具有一定普适性,但仍需通过增加数据数量或优化算法提高精度。

Study on the control zoning of National Parks based on spatial analysis of multi-source data: Take Qianjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Area as an example

According to "Guidelines on the Establishing a System of Nature Reserves Dominated by National Parks", zoning control is required to implement in national parks to achieve the objective of most strict protection. However, what factors could be used in zoning is debated. For finding out a set of index system for zoning, we study the Qianjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Area (hereinafter referred to as Qianjiangyuan National Park) as an example. We collected the multi-source data including the general environmental information (such as Digital Elevation Model, DEM; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI; impacts of traffic and permanent basic farmlands), major distribution of wildlife (such as wild animal and botany vegetation;Habitat suitability of Muntiacus crinifrons and Syrmaticus ellioti), natural resources protection (such as Gutianshan National Natural Reserve; Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park; Qianjiangyuan Scenic Spot and Ecological public forests) and ecological status indicators (such as evaluation of ecological function suitability; evaluation of natural resources carrying capacity; red lines of three spatial zones and land use planning), and used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build a set of index system for zoning. Based on the results of AHP, we adopt the spatial overlay analysis technique to obtain the spatial distribution including the core protected zone and general controlled zone in Qianjiangyuan National Park, and then compared our results with the current functional zones. The results showed that:(1) the analysis based on the multi-source data can effectively recognize high ecological protection value in Qianjiangyuan National Park; (2) compared to the actual functional zones, the overlap areas of these two results is 197.70 km², which indicated that the total accuracy of spatial analysis was 78.07%, and the overlap areas in core protected area and general controlled area were 127.99 km² and 69.71 km², which meaning that the accuracy in core protected area or general controlled area were 83.55% or 69.67%, respectively; (3) the reasons that affect the accuracy between spatial overlay analysis and the actual functional zones are including that insufficient basic data in the new areas, and errors introduced by qualitative analysis for solving the fragmentation of the zoning. Overall, this study confirmed that the multi-source spatial data analysis technology could efficiently and accurately work on zoning core protected area or general controlled area of national parks, and could be replicated into other nature protected areas, but it still needs more basic data or optimize algorithm to improve zoning accuracy.