胎儿畸形480例的超声诊断分析

目的：探讨超声检查发现胎儿先天发育异常的规律及诊断价值。方法：随机选择480例经产后及引产后证实的单胎妊娠的畸形胎儿，回顾性分析产前的超声检查资料，孕妇平均年龄27．6岁，平均孕周27．1周。超声诊断畸形儿统计标准：参照《中国出生缺陷监测报告卡》的监测类型和《临床技术操作规范（超声医学分册）》的检测畸形类型确定。结果：459例为经超声检出的胎儿先天畸形，21例为超声漏诊，根据胎儿出生后情况反馈为畸形。459例畸形胎儿，孕周在12-40周，其中24．4％（112／459）的病例是在18-24孕周之间检出，56．9％（261／459）的病例是在12—28孕周之间检出，其中24周检出病例数最多（42／459）。35．7％（164／459）的胎儿畸形是在孕28-36周期间检出。结论：超声对胎儿畸形的诊断符合率为95．62％（459／480）。妊娠28周前超声能检出大多数可检的胎儿畸形。超声在胎儿产前诊断上具有极高的诊断价值，诊断率高，无损伤性，操作简便，重复性强。

Analysis of Ultrasound Diagnosis of 480 Fetal Malformation

Objective： To evaluate the regularity of fetal congenital dysplasia and diagnosis value of ultrasound. Methods： Data from a total of 480 cases of pregnant women, registered and ultrasound detected in Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute was ana- lyzed. The average age and gestational week of pregnant women were 27.6 years and 27.1 weeks, respectively. Ultrasound diagnostic sta- tistical standards of deformed children were referenced to the monitoring type in ＂China＇s Birth Defects Monitoring report cards＂ and malformation type in ＂Clinical Technology Practices （Ultrasound Medicine） ＂. Results： 459 fetuses with congenital malformations were detected and 21 cases missed by ultrasound. The gestational week of 459 fetuses with malformation correctly diagnosed by ultrasound was between 12 and 40 weeks. Of those 24.4% （112/459） cases of malformation were detected between 18-24 weeks of gestation, 56.9% （261/459） and 35.7% （164/459） cases were diagnosed between 12-28 and 28-36 weeks respectively. Most fetal malformation was detect- ed in the 24th week （42/459）. Conclusion： The ultrasonic diagnosis accordance rate of fetal malformation was 95.62% （459/480）. The majority of detectable fetal malformation can be detected by ultrasound before 28 weeks of pregnancy. Prenatal ultrasound is of very high diagnostic value, and of high rate of diagnosis, non-invasive, simple and good repeatability.