可降解新烟碱类杀虫剂微生物及其代谢途径的研究进展

新烟碱类化合物基于烟碱结构改造修饰制备，相较菊酯、含磷类等杀虫剂，因其选择性毒力被认为是一类对人类和生态无害的农药。然而，近年来由于新烟碱类杀虫剂(neonicotinoid insecticides)过度施用，其残余或转化的物质通过在土壤与水体中累积，影响昆虫甚至哺乳动物及其生理与行为，导致了一系列生态环境问题和继发危害。本文聚焦新烟碱类杀虫剂的产业现状，面向生物降解新烟碱类杀虫剂这一迫切需求，围绕新烟碱类杀虫剂的微生物菌株资源，重点阐述微生物降解新烟碱类杀虫剂的代谢机制及其多样性。通过梳理新烟碱类杀虫剂生物降解及其应用转化的关键问题和前沿进展，旨在为借助合成生物学和宏基因组学手段建立或筛选安全可控的新烟碱类杀虫剂的高效转化体系提供参考。

Microorganisms capable of degrading neonicotinoids and their metabolic pathways: a review

Neonicotinoid compounds are usually considered harmless and eco-friendly in terms of their targeted toxicity compared to that of pyrethroids and phosphorus-containing pesticides. However, overuse of neonicotinoid insecticides resulted in the accumulation of its residuals or intermediates in soil and water, which consequently affected beneficial insects as well as mammals, yielding pollution and secondary risks. This review summarized the recent advances in neonicotinoid degrading microorganisms and their metabolic diversity, with the aim to address the urgent need for degrading these insecticides. These advances may facilitate the development of controllable and reliable technologies for efficiently transforming neonicotinoid insecticides into value-added products by synthetic biology and metagenomics.