广东省的鸟类及考察历程

广东位于中国大陆最南端,北靠南岭山脉、东南面向南海,生态环境多样,鸟类种类丰富,但至今没有广东鸟类的总名录,既给广东鸟类保护与管理带来不便,也使研究者对广东鸟类的详细分布地和发现时间无法了解。本文系统总结与整理了各个时期不同学者在广东境内开展的鸟类调查记录。William Heine于1853年4月在广州获得金斑鸻(Pluvialis fulva)和针尾沙锥(Gallinago stenura)的标本,并由John Cassin于1856报道,开启了采集与记录广东鸟类的序幕。从此以后,Robert Swinhoe于1860至1873年间发表了记录广东沿岸鸟类的一系列论文。之后,John David Digues La Touche和Johannes Streich报道汕头的鸟类,Robert Vaughan和Kenneth Hurlstone Jones报道西江的鸟类,Rufolf Mell报道广东山区的鸟类,以及Pierre Jabouille报道了广东南部湛江的鸟类。到目前为止,全省共有野生鸟类555种,其中25种鸟有1个以上的亚种在广东分布;本文标注了每种鸟第1次报道的参考文献,以供将来的研究者参考与查阅。在这些鸟类中,在广东繁殖的鸟有297种,并且以东洋界的种类最多,达211种,占繁殖鸟类比例的71.0%,古北界和广布种分别有25种和35种,占8.4%和11.8%。广东与广西繁殖鸟类种的相似性高于广东与海南岛繁殖鸟类种的相似性。迁徙鸟类是广东鸟类的主要类群,共有277种,占50.0%,而留鸟仅150种,占27.0%,另有128种鸟(占23.0%)在广东既有迁徙的,也有长年定居于此的。广东是迁徙鸟类重要的越冬地,而且是全球濒危鸟种黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)第2个主要越冬地。由于受饮食文化的影响,黄胸鹀(Emberiza aureola)被非法猎捕并且被食用,使其种群数量大大下降,其中,广东地区是受影响较严重的地区。

A Checklist of the Birds of Guangdong with Notes on Its Ornithological Exploration

Guangdong is the southernmost province in continental China, bordered to the north by the Nanling mountains and to the south by the South China Sea. As a result of heterogeneous ecological conditions, a diverse avifauna has developed. However, the lack of a modern checklist of birds has hampered wildlife conservation management and scientific research in the province. To redress this situation, we provide a checklist of the birds of Guangdong which follows a modern taxonomy and is based on original bird records from Chinese and foreign publications as well as previously unpublished records. Only species which have been reliably recorded are included. For each species and subspecies, a reference is given to the first record for the province involving a bird or birds of known wild origins. Among the total of 596 taxa listed here for Guangdong are 547 species and 33 subspecies considered to be of wild occurrence and 16 species of ex-captive origins, eight of which may have self-sustaining populations. Of 297 breeding species, except 26 unknown realm species, 211 species (78%) belong to the Oriental realm, 25 species (9%) to the Palearctic realm, 35 species (13%) are widely distributed; migratory species accoint for 69% and resident species only 25 % of the total.