The invasion of an introduced predator,Nile perch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lates niloticus</Emphasis>, L.) in Lake Victoria (East Africa): chronology and causes |
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Authors: | Kees ?Goudswaard Frans?Witte Egid?F?B?Katunzi |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;(2) Present address: Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen IMARES, P.O. Box 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, The Netherlands;(3) Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 475, Mwanza, Tanzania |
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Abstract: | Nile perch, a large predatory fish, was introduced into Lake Victoria in 1954. The upsurge of Nile perch in Lake Victoria
was first observed in the Nyanza Gulf, Kenya, in 1979. In Ugandan waters this occurred 2–3 years later and in the Tanzanian
Mwanza Gulf 4–5 years later. At the beginning of the upsurge in the Mwanza Gulf in 1983/1984 only sub-adult and adult fishes
were found. The first juveniles appeared in 1985, suggesting that the initial increase of Nile perch was mainly caused by
migration of sub-adults and adults. Shortly after the onset of trawl fishery in the area in 1973, haplochromines in the Mwanza
Gulf started to decline. The final disappearance of the haplochromines, in 1987, only occurred after the Nile perch boom,
and despite the abandoning of the haplochromine fishery in 1986. We hypothesize that the decline of haplochromines decreased
predation on and competition with juvenile Nile perch and then facilitated survival of these juveniles. Consequently the immigration
of sub-adult and adult Nile perch in an area may have paved the way for successful recruitment. Over-exploitation of haplochromine
cichlids in the 1970s in the Nyanza Gulf, where the Nile perch upsurge was first observed, may have played a similar role. |
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Keywords: | Species-introduction Colonization Extinction Predation Caridina nilotica Haplochromine cichlids |
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