Reproductive parameters of female Japanese macaques: Thirty years data from the arashiyama troops,Japan |
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Authors: | Naoki Koyama Yukio Takahata Michael A Huffman Koshi Norikoshi Hisayo Suzuki |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, 606 Kyoto, Japan;(2) Present address: Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, 606 Kyoto, Japan;(3) Present address: Life Science Institute of Sophia University, Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, 102 Tokyo, Japan;(4) Present address: Twatayama Monkey Park, Nishigyo-ku, 616 Kyoto, Japan |
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Abstract: | Over a 30-year period from 1954 to 1983, 975 live births were recorded for Japanese macaque females at the Iwatayama Monkey
Park, Arashiyama, Japan. Excluding unknown birth dates, primiparous mothers gave birth to 185 infants (182 cases with age
of mother known) and multiparous mothers gave birth to 723 infants (603 cases with age of mother known). The peak month of
birth was May with 52.3% of the total births occurring during the period. Multiparous females who had not given birth the
previous year did so earlier than multiparous females who had given birth the previous year and also earlier than primiparous
females. Among the females who had given birth the previous year, females whose infant had died gave birth earlier than females
who had reared an infant the previous year. The offspring sex ratio (1:0.97) was not significantly different from 1:1, and
revealed no consistent association with mother's age. Age-fecundity exhibited a humped curve. The annual birth rate was low
at the age of 4 years but increased thereafter, ranging between 46.7% and 69.0%, at between 5 and 19 years of age, but again
decreased for females between 20 and 25 years of age. Some old females displayed clear reproductive senescence. The infant
mortality within the first year of age was quite low (10.3%) and the neonatal (less than 1 month old) mortality rate accounted
for 49.0% of all infant deaths. There was no significant difference between the mortality rates of male and female infants.
A female's rank-class had no apparent effect on the annual birth rate, infant mortality, and offspring sex ratio. These long-term
data are compared with those from other primate populations. |
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Keywords: | Birth timing Sex ratio Age-specific fecundity Interbirth interval Parity Infant mortality Reproductive success |
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