腈类物降解菌多样性和产腈水合酶研究进展

腈水合酶催化反应在有机合成领域已有广泛的应用。作为一类重要的催化剂,腈水合酶可以将腈类物质转化为相应的酰胺。由于这种酶具有固有的立体和区域选择性,在精细化工领域已成为绿色、温和、对同分异构体具有选择性的催化剂。同时腈水合酶在生物修复和环境保护中也起着重要作用。综述了目前国内外腈水合酶的研究进展,包括降解腈类的微生物多样性、腈水合酶的催化特性、产腈水合酶菌株的改造以及腈水合酶相关基因的克隆与研究。对固定化酶和腈水合酶的应用也进行了叙述。

Research Process on Microbial Diversity of Producing-nitrile Hydratase and Study on Nitrile Hydratase

The reactions catalyzed by nitrile hydratase have been widely applied in organic synthesis. As an important class of catalytic agent, NHase (nitrile hydratase EC4.2.1.84) can converts nitriles to the corresponding acidamide. Because of their inherent enantio-and regioselectivities and other benefits, NHases are attractive as green, mild, and selective catalysts for setting stereogenic centers in fine-chemical synthesis and enantiospecific synthesis of a variety of acrylamides. The literature has been surveyed to provide a comprehensive coverage of the study of NHases in China at present including biodiversity of strain-producing NHase, biochemical and structural properties of NHase, strain improvement, as well as construction of gene engineering strains. Literature has also been cited to describe methods of immobilized cells and application of nitrile hydratase.