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Comparative responses of Achillea millefolium ecotypes to competition and soil type
Authors:S. S. Higgins  R. N. Mack
Affiliation:(1) Department of Botany, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, WA, USA;(2) Present address: Deparment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, WA, USA
Abstract:
Summary Achillea millefolium populations from adjacent sites with zonal and serpentime soil were used to test predictions about the relation between growth and the competitive ability of plants in productive and unproductive environments. Under greenhouse conditions, individually-grown plants from both sources grew larger in serpentine soil than in zonal soil; serpentine plants accumulated 72% more biomass than zonal plants. In zonal soil, zonal plants were 71% larger than serpentine plants, although these differences were not statistically significant, and plants from both sources accumulated much less biomass and were shorter than plants growing in serpentine soil. In a high density, fertilized replacement series, zonal plants were taller and heavier but exhibited no more competitive ability than serpentine plants. The predictions that rapid height growth and biomass accumulation contribute significantly to competitive ability are not supported by our results. Although ecotypic differentiation has occurred between these A. millefolium populations, apparently in response to different soil types, the expression of these heritable differences can be masked by other environmental effects. There has been no apparent ldquotrade-offrdquo in these ecotypes between their response to the physical environment and their competitive ability.
Keywords:Replacement series  Serpentine  Stress tolerance  Survivorship  Wenatchee mountains
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