Vertical stiffness during one-legged hopping with and without using a running-specific prosthesis |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan;2. German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany;3. Institute of Functional Diagnostics, Cologne, Germany;4. Integrative Physiology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA;5. Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Denver, CO, USA;6. ARCUS Clinics Pforzheim, Pforzheim, Germany;1. Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA;2. The Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA;3. ZenoMetrics, LLC, Peekskill, NY, USA;4. ProtoKinetics, LLC, Peekskill, NY, USA;1. Digital Human Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan;2. CNRS-AIST JRL (Joint Robotics Laboratory), UMI3218/CRT, Japan;1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States;3. Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States;5. Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Limb Loss and Mobility, Seattle, WA 98108, United States;1. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. CORAL – Centre for Orthopaedic Research Alkmaar, Orthopaedic Outpatient Department, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, The Netherlands;4. Heliomare Research and Development, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands;1. Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan;2. Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan;3. Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan;4. Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita, Tokyo 1150056, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Although athletes with unilateral below-the-knee amputations (BKAs) generally use their affected leg, including their prosthesis, as their take-off leg for the long jump, little is known about the spring-like leg behavior and stiffness regulation of the affected leg. The purpose of this study was to investigate vertical stiffness during one-legged hopping in an elite-level long jump athlete with a unilateral BKA. We used the spring-mass model to calculate vertical stiffness, which equals the ratio of maximum vertical ground reaction force to maximum center of mass displacement, while the athlete with a BKA hopped on one leg at a range of frequencies. Then, we compared the vertical stiffness of this athlete to seven non-amputee elite-level long-jumpers. We found that from 1.8 to 3.4 Hz, the vertical stiffness of the unaffected leg for an athlete with a BKA increases with faster hopping frequencies, but the vertical stiffness of the affected leg remains nearly constant across frequencies. The athlete with a BKA attained the desired hopping frequencies at 2.2 and 2.6 Hz, but was unable to match the lowest (1.8 Hz) and two highest frequencies (3.0 and 3.4 Hz) using his affected leg. We also found that at 2.5 Hz, unaffected leg vertical stiffness was 15% greater than affected leg vertical stiffness, and the vertical stiffness of non-amputee long-jumpers was 32% greater than the affected leg vertical stiffness of an athlete with a BKA. The results of the present study suggest that the vertical stiffness regulation strategy of an athlete with a unilateral BKA is not the same in the unaffected versus affected legs, and compared to non-amputees. |
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| Keywords: | Spring-mass model Amputees Locomotion Long jump |
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