Molecular systematics and conservation of the langurs and leaf monkeys of South Asia |
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Authors: | K Praveen Karanth |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791 109, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India;(2) Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong—, 793 022, Meghalaya, India |
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Abstract: | Numerous morphology-based classification schemes have been proposed for langurs and leaf monkeys of South Asia but there is
very little agreement between them. An incorrect classification scheme when used as a basis for biogeographic studies can
support erroneous hypotheses. Further, lack of taxonomic resolution will also confound conservation efforts, given that conservation
biologists use traditional morphology-based-classification schemes to prioritize species for conservation. Here, I have revisited
recent molecular phylogenetic studies done on langurs and leaf monkeys of South Asia. Results from these studies are in turn
used to derive a rational and scientific basis for prioritizing species for conservation. Molecular data support the classification
of langurs of the Indian subcontinent—Hanuman, Nilgiri and purple-faced langurs—in the genus Semnopithecus, whereas Phayre’s
leaf monkey along with other Southeast Asian leaf monkeys form another distinct clade (Trachypithecus). The phylogenetic position
of capped and golden langurs remains unresolved. Molecular data suggest that they are closely related to each other but this
group might have evolved through past hybridization between Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus. Additionally, genetic data also
support the splitting of the so-called Hanuman langurs into at least three species. The scores for taxonomic uniqueness of
langurs and leaf monkeys of South Asia were revised using this molecular phylogeny-based classification. According to the
revised scores, Phayres leaf monkey and golden langur are priority species for conservation followed by capped and Nilgiri
langurs. |
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