Omega-oxidation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in cerebral microvascular smooth muscle and endothelium by alcohol dehydrogenase 4 |
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Authors: | Collins Xixuan H Harmon Shawn D Kaduce Terry L Berst Kristine B Fang Xiang Moore Steven A Raju T Verugopal Falck John R Weintraub Neal L Duester Gregg Plapp Bryce V Spector Arthur A |
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Institution: | Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. |
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Abstract: | 20-Carboxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-COOH-AA) is a bioactive metabolite of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), an eicosanoid that produces vasoconstriction in the cerebral circulation. We found that smooth muscle (MSMC) and endothelial (MEC) cultures obtained from mouse brain microvessels convert 3H]20-HETE to 20-COOH-AA, indicating that the cerebral vasculature can produce this metabolite. The 3H]20-COOH-AA accumulated primarily in the culture medium, together with additional radiolabeled metabolites identified as the chain-shortened dicarboxylic acids 18-COOH-18:4, 18-COOH-18:3, and 16-COOH-16:3. N-Heptylformamide, a potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), decreased the conversion of 3H]20-HETE to 20-COOH-AA by the MSMC and MEC and also by isolated mouse brain microvessels. Purified mouse and human ADH4, human ADH3, and horse liver ADH1 efficiently oxidized 20-HETE, and ADH4 and ADH3 were detected in MSMC and MEC by Western blotting. N-Heptylformamide inhibited the oxidation of 20-HETE by mouse and human ADH4 but not by ADH3. These results demonstrated that cerebral microvessels convert 20-HETE to 20-COOH-AA and that ADH catalyzes the reaction. Although ADH4 and ADH3 are expressed in MSMC and MEC, the inhibition produced by N-heptylformamide suggests that ADH4 is primarily responsible for 20-COOH-AA formation in the cerebral microvasculature. |
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