The use of plants for the production of therapeutic human peptides |
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Authors: | Chiara Lico Luca Santi Richard M Twyman Mario Pezzotti Linda Avesani |
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Institution: | 1.Laboratorio di Biotecnologie,Unità Tecnica BIORAD,Rome,Italy;2.Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (D.A.F.N.E.),University of Tuscia,Viterbo,Italy;3.Department of Biological Sciences,University of Warwick,Coventry,UK;4.Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,Università degli Studi di Verona,Verona,Italy |
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Abstract: | Peptides have unique properties that make them useful drug candidates for diverse indications, including allergy, infectious
disease and cancer. Some peptides are intrinsically bioactive, while others can be used to induce precise immune responses
by defining a minimal immunogenic region. The limitations of peptides, such as metabolic instability, short half-life and
low immunogenicity, can be addressed by strategies such as multimerization or fusion to carriers, to improve their pharmacological
properties. The remaining major drawback is the cost of production using conventional chemical synthesis, which is also difficult
to scale-up. Over the last 15 years, plants have been shown to produce bioactive and immunogenic peptides economically and
with the potential for large-scale synthesis. The production of peptides in plants is usually achieved by the genetic fusion
of the corresponding nucleotide sequence to that of a carrier protein, followed by stable nuclear or plastid transformation
or transient expression using bacterial or viral vectors. Chimeric plant viruses or virus-like particles can also be used
to display peptide antigens, allowing the production of polyvalent vaccine candidates. Here we review progress in the field
of plant-derived peptides over the last 5 years, addressing new challenges for diverse pathologies. |
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