不同生境类型枣园中节肢动物群落结构特征

在山西太谷枣区对不同间作生境组合类型枣园的节肢动物群落结构特征进行了研究，结果表明，在有杂草的枣园与其他枣园相比，节肢动物的物种数最大(P<0.05), 而节肢动物物种的个体数最小(P<0.05)，而在单作无杂草的枣园则相反(P<0.05)。植食性类群的物种数和个体数在单作无杂草的枣园显著(P<0.05)大于其间作类型的枣园，而捕食性和寄生性的物种数和个体数则明显(P<0.05)小于其间作类型的枣园，而在有杂草的枣园则相反。枣树与大豆和棉花间作枣园的捕食性和寄生性的物种数和个体数则明显(P<0.05)大于枣树与大豆间作的枣园，而枣树与大豆间作的枣园与单作无杂草枣园的寄生性的物种数和个体数则无明显差异(P>0.05)，但捕食性的物种数有大豆的枣园明显(P<0.05)大于单作无杂草枣园，而个体数则无明显差异(P>0.05)。多样性均匀度和相对稳定性指数研究结果表明有杂草的枣园明显(P<0.05)大于单作无杂草枣园，枣树与大豆和棉花间作的枣园明显(P<0.05)大于枣树与大豆间作的枣园，而优势度则相反。研究结果进一步表明，在枣园合理间作多种作物或者适当保留一定的杂草，不仅可以减少天敌昆虫迁出枣园，而且还可以增加枣园天敌的物种数量和节肢动物群落结构的多样性和均匀度，同时还能有效地利用枣园的空间和自然资源，增加单位面积的产量。

Structure characteristics of the arthropod community in the jujube orchards with different habitats

The structures and characteristics of the arthropod communities of jujube orchards with different habitats were analyzed based on the survey in the suburb of Taigu County, Shanxi Province, Northern China. The results indicated that the largest number of arthropod species and the least number of individuals were in the treatment with weeds (P<0.05), and the least number of arthropod species and the largest number of individuals were in the treatment without weeds (P<0.05). In the comparison of species richness of different groups, the phytophagous group was the largest, but the predatory and parasitoid groups were the smallest in the treatment without weeds; the phytophagous group was the least, but predatory and parasitoid groups were the largest in the treatment with weeds. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) of species and individuals within the parasitoid group between the treatment with soybean and the treatment without weeds. The analysis based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and relative stability values suggested that the richer the plant diversity, the better regulation ability among arthropod communities. More crops and properly remaining weeds could reduce the possibility of natural enemies migrating out. In addition, intercropping more crops in jujube orchards was more beneficial not only in getting a larger net return but also in increasing diversity and evenness of beneficial insects and decreasing the degree of pest dominance.