Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from wild flowers |
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Authors: | Antonio Sánchez Valenzuela Nabil Benomar Hikmate Abriouel Rubén Pérez Pulido Magdalena Martínez Cañamero Antonio Gálvez |
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Institution: | 1. área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales (Edif. B3), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Abstract: | Wild flowers in the South of Spain were screened for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci were frequently associated with prickypear and fieldpoppy flowers. Forty-six isolates, from 8 different flower
species, were identified as E. faecalis (28 isolates) or E. faecium (18 isolates) and clustered in well-defined groups by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting. A high incidence of antibiotic resistance
was detected among the E. faecalis isolates, especially to quinupristin/dalfopristin (75%), rifampicin (68%) and ciprofloxacin (57%), and to a lesser extent
to levofloxacin (35.7%), erythromycin (28.5%), tetracycline (3.5%), chloramphenicol (3.5%) and streptomycin (3.5%). Similar
results were observed for E. faecium isolates, except for a higher incidence of resistance to tetracycline (17%) and lower to erythromycin (11%) or quinupristin/dalfopristin
(22%). Vancomycin or teicoplanin resistances were not detected. Most isolates (especially E. faecalis) were proteolytic and carried the gelatinase gene gelE. Genes encoding other potential virulence factors (ace, efaA
fs, ccf and cpd) were frequently detected. Cytolysin genes were mainly detected in a few haemolytic E. faecium isolates, three of which also carried the collagen adhesin acm gene. Hyaluronidase gene (hyl
Efm
) was detected in two isolates. Many isolates produced bacteriocins and carried genes for enterocins A, B, and L50 mainly.
The similarities found between enterococci from wild flowers and those from animal and food sources raise new questions about
the puzzling lifestyle of these commensals and opportunistic pathogens. |
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