A dynamic population model for tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) area-wide integrated pest management |
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Authors: | Hugh J Barclay Marc J B Vreysen |
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Institution: | (1) Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada;(2) Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria |
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Abstract: | A spatial model of tsetse (Glossina palpalis ssp. and G. pallidipes) life cycle was created in FORTRAN, and four control measures aerial spraying of non-residual insecticides, traps and targets,
insecticide-treated livestock (ITL) and the sterile insect technique] were programmed into the model to assess how much of
each of various combinations of these control tactics would be necessary to eradicate the population. The model included density-independent
and -dependent mortality rates, temperature-dependent mortality, an age-dependent mortality, two mechanisms of dispersal and
a component of aggregation. Sensitivity analyses assessed the importance of various life history features and indicated that
female fertility and factors affecting survivorship had the greatest impact on the equilibrium of the female population. The
female equilibrium was likewise reduced when dispersal and aggregation were acting together. Sensitivity analyses showed that
basic female survivorship, age-dependent and temperature-dependent survivorship of adults, teneral-specific survivorship,
daily female fertility, and mean temperature had the greatest effect on the four applied control measures. Time to eradication
was reduced by initial knockdown of the population and due to the synergism of certain combinations of methods e.g., traps-targets
and sterile insect technique (SIT); ITL and SIT]. Competitive ability of the sterile males was an important parameter when
sterile to wild male overflooding ratios were small. An aggregated wild population reduced the efficiency of the SIT, but
increased it with increased dispersal. The model can be used interactively to facilitate decision making during the planning
and implementation of operational area-wide integrated pest management programs against tsetse. |
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Keywords: | Glossina palpalis Glossina pallidipes Insecticide-treated livestock Sequential aerosol technique (SAT) Sterile releases Traps |
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