Antimicrobial properties of nitric oxide and its application in antimicrobial formulations and medical devices |
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Authors: | Mitchell Lawrence Jones Jorge Gabriel Ganopolsky Alain Labbé Christopher Wahl Satya Prakash |
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Institution: | (1) Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada;(2) Micropharma Limited, 141 avenue du President Kennedy, UQAM, Biological Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Suite 5569, Montreal, QC, H2X3Y7, Canada |
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Abstract: | This review describes the antimicrobial properties of nitric oxide (NO) and its application as an antimicrobial agent in different
formulations and medical devices. We depict the eukaryotic biosynthesis of NO and its physiologic functions as a cell messenger
and as an antimicrobial agent of the cell-mediated immune response. We analyze the antimicrobial activity of NO and the eukaryotic
protective mechanisms against NO for the purpose of delineating the therapeutic NO dosage range required for an efficacious
and safe antimicrobial activity. We also examine the role of NO produced by virulent bacteria in lessening the efficacy of
traditional antimicrobials. In addition, we discuss the efficacy of NO in the healing of infected wounds, describing different
NO-producing devices by category, analyzing therapeutic levels, duration of NO production, as well as commercial considerations.
Finally, we provide current and future prospects for the design and use of NO-producing devices. |
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