Biodegradation of azo dyes in cocultures of anaerobic granular sludge with aerobic aromatic amine degrading enrichment cultures |
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Authors: | N C G Tan F X Prenafeta-Boldú J L Opsteeg G Lettinga J A Field |
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Institution: | (1) Wageningen University and Research Center, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and System Technology, Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands e-mail: Nico.Tan@algemeen.mt.wau.nl Tel.: +31 317 484993 Fax: +31 317 482108, NL |
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Abstract: | A prerequisite for the mineralization (complete biodegradation) of many azo dyes is a combination of reductive and oxidative
steps. In this study, the biodegradation of two azo dyes, 4-phenylazophenol (4-PAP) and Mordant Yellow 10 (4-sulfophenylazo-salicylic
acid; MY10), was evaluated in batch experiments where anaerobic and aerobic conditions were integrated by exposing anaerobic
granular sludge to oxygen. Under these conditions, the azo dyes were reduced, resulting in a temporal accumulation of aromatic
amines. 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) and aniline were detected from the reduction of 4-PAP. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfanilic
acid (SA) were detected from the reduction of MY10. Subsequently, aniline was degraded further in the presence of oxygen by
the facultative aerobic bacteria present in the anaerobic granular sludge. 5-ASA and SA were also degraded, if inocula from
aerobic enrichment cultures were added to the batch experiments. Due to rapid autoxidation of 4-AP, no enrichment culture
could be established for this compound. The results of this study indicate that aerobic enrichment cultures developed on aromatic
amines combined with oxygen-tolerant anaerobic granular sludge can potentially be used to completely biodegrade azo dyes under
integrated anaerobic/aerobic conditions.
Received: 16 September 1998 / Received revision: 14 December 1998 / Accepted: 21 December 1998 |
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