清远水利枢纽建设对库区鱼类群落结构影响

清远水利枢纽是北江干流与珠江河口之间第一座枢纽, 为探究清远水利枢纽建坝筑库后库区鱼类群落结构特征及变化, 于2017-2018年在清远水利枢纽至飞来峡水利枢纽库区进行渔业资源调查, 共采集鱼类49种, 隶属于6目16科44属, 以鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲮(Cirrhina molitorella)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)等为优势种类, 鱼类生态类型以杂食性、定居性鱼类为主。与水坝截流前2006-2007年调查结果比较, 库区鱼类种类数大大减少, 洄游性鱼类种数明显下降, 鱼类群落丰富度指数、香农多样性指数下降, 定居性、杂食性鱼类种类所占比例增加, 相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)显示造成水坝建设前后库区鱼类群落结构时间变化的指示物种为: 尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticus)、花鰶(Clupanodon thrissa)、大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)、纹唇鱼(Osteoichilus salsburyi)等, 丰度生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)显示库区鱼类群落结构受到严重干扰。研究结果可为库区渔业资源增殖放流、水坝生态调度以及渔业资源管理提供本底资料。

Effect of Qingyuan Water Control Project after its operation on fish community structure in the reservoir area

The Qingyuan Water Control Project is the first project between Beijiang river and the Pearl river estuary.A fishery resource survey was made in the reservoir area between Qingyuan Water Control Project and Feilaixia Hydraulic Project from 2017 to 2018 to explore the changes and characteristics of fish community structure.A total of 49 species was collected belonging to 6 orders,16 families,44 genera.Among these,Cyprinus carpio,Cirrhina molitorella and Squaliobarbus curriculus were the dominant species.Fish communities were dominated by omnivore species and sedentary species.Compared with the survey results in 2006-2007 before the project operation,the number of fish species and migratory fish species decreased significantly.The Margalef diversity index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of fish community decreased;while the proportion of sedentary species and omnivorous species increased.The indicator species causing the temporal changes of fish community structure in the reservoir area were Tilapia niloticus,Clupanodon thrissa,Siniperca kneri and Osteoichilus salsburyi.Abundance biomass comparison curve(ABC curve)showed that fish community structure in the reservoir area was seriously disturbed.The results can provide background information for the breeding and releasing of fishery resources,dam ecological regulation and fishery resources management in the reservoir area.