洞庭湖区外来入侵植物调查分析及防治对策

[目的] 了解洞庭湖区入侵植物分布规律及其危害,对洞庭湖区入侵植物区系、种类组成、类型、生活型和原产地进行较为深入的研究。[方法] 通过实地调查、采集标本、查阅资料进行统计分析。[结果] 洞庭湖区外来入侵植物共有86种,隶属于24科64属,原产于美洲的有51种,占总数的58.6%,双子叶植物有21科53属73种,单子叶植物仅有5科12属13种,草本植物共84种,占97.6%,洞庭湖区入侵植物科的区系类型主要为世界广布;入侵植物属的区系类型以泛热带分布和世界广布为主。[结论] 洞庭湖区入侵植物种类较多、适应性强、繁殖速度快、繁殖能力强、传播途径多样、区系成分复杂且危害严重,应根据入侵现状对洞庭湖区外来入侵植物采取相应的的防治措施。

An investigation of alien invasive plants around Dongting Lake area and their control countermeasures

[Aim] In order to understand the distribution and severity of invasive plants around Dongting Lake, species composition, plant type, life history type and origin of each plant were inventoried. [Method] The methods of filed investigation, specimen collection, data access, and statistical analysis are applied on this paper. [Result] There were 86 invasive plants belonging to 64 genera and 24 families in and around Dongting Lake. There were 51 species originated from America, accounting for 58.6% of the total.There were 73 species of 53 genera and 21 families of dicotyledons. There were 13 species of monocotyledons, coming from 12 genera and 5 families, and there were 84 species of herbaceous plants, which account for 97.6% of the total. Compositae, Amaranthaceae and Gramineae constituted the main invasive plant families in Dongting Lake. Most plants were pantropical with cosmopolitan distributed. [Conclusion] There are many invasive plant species around Dongting Lake, which are rapidly spreading. Their propagation routes are diverse, their floristic components are complex, and their harm serious. According to the present situation of invasion, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the prevention and control of invasive plants around Dongting Lake areas.