A review of research on Sunn Pest {Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)} management published 2004–2016

Wheat is an important food crop that provides over 40% of the per capita dietary supply of calories and proteins in many developing countries. Wheat production has a crucial role in food security and the global economy. With the world's population estimated to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, the demand for wheat is expected to increase 60%. Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the major constraints to wheat production in Central and West Asia, Eastern Europe and North Africa. The economic impact of Sunn Pest is around 42 million USD for the region and that is only the cost of the chemicals used for its management. Application of chemical insecticides has been the main strategy for management of Sunn Pest. However, emergence of resistance in Sunn Pest populations against most pesticides and increased awareness of their adverse impacts on the environment have prompted investigation of alternative approaches. This review provides information on the most current literatures on Sunn Pest management with emphasis on practices such as application of chemical insecticides, insect growth regulators (IGRs) and anti-juvenile hormones, use of Sunn Pest egg parasitoids, entomopathogenic nematodes, entomopathogenic fungi, use of digestive enzyme inhibitors and development of resistant wheat varieties.