流感病毒感染介导的免疫病理损伤研究进展

流感病毒感染(如暴发性流行或高致病性禽流感H5N1感染)可以造成广泛的病理损伤及严重的并发症，其肺部病理损伤以肺水肿及广泛的炎性渗出为特点，并伴有大量的中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞浸润及促炎因子和趋化因子的产生．组织学及病理学研究表明，过度的宿主应答反应是介导病理损伤的主要原因之一，而这些在流感病毒感染过程中介导组织损伤的免疫分子与细胞，在病毒的有效清除过程中同样至关重要．主要对甲型流感病毒感染过程中免疫系统的多种效应成分如何引发及加重病理性损伤等有害方面加以综述．为深入了解流感病毒感染防御机制及寻找并设计出既无害又能有效地治疗流感病毒感染的策略提供理论指导．

Immunopathology mediated by influenza virus infection

Pathogen inflection could induce specific immune response which will results in immunopathology when overreacted. Severe complications arising from influenza virus infection (pandemic influenza or the highly pathogenic avian H5N1viruses) are often associated with rapid, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, acute respiratory distress, reactive hemophagocytosis and multiple organ involvement. Histological and pathological studies show that a critical role for an excessive host response in mediating this pathology. Generally, the same imflammatory factors mediating tissue damage during the anti-influenza immune response are also essential for efficient elimination of virus. It was discussed how various effector arms of immune system can act deleteriously to initiate or exacerbate pathological damage in this viral infection. It will be helpful to understand the protective mechanism of influenza virus infection and a significant challenge in the design of harmless yet effective therapeutic strategies for tackling influenza virus.