应用同工酶进行宽皮柑桔分类及其进化研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了50个宽皮柑桔生物型及5个甜橙品种的过氧化物酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶、四唑氧化酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖异构酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖变位酶、超氧化物歧化酶、苹果酸酶以及酯酶等8种酶系统同工酶。运用数量分类学的原理及方法,对同工酶资料进行了聚类分析。结果表明,宽皮柑桔的起源是多元的,小果类桔属于宽皮柑桔的原始类型,在进化过程中起着较为重要的作用。中国原产宽皮柑桔的代表种以道县野桔、马鼻桔或狗屎柑为佳。柑的来源有两条途径,即桔橙杂种和桔的单元演化;蕉柑是栟柑与甜橙的杂种;温州蜜柑来源于黄岩本地广桔的实生变异。

STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY AND EVOLUTION OF MANDARINS IN CHINA BY ISOZYMES

The leaf extracts of 5 cultivars of Citrus sinensis Osb. and 50 biotypes of mandarin were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for isozymes of peroxidase glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, tetrazolium oxidase, phosphoglucose mutase, phosphoglucose isomerase, superoxide dismutase, malic enzyme and esterase. Dissimilarities of the isozyme patterns among the samples were calculated by computer based on the UPGMA method to demonstrate the affinity relationships of the samples. The mandarins arose from polyprototypes. The small-fruited mandarins were the primitive forms. It seemed better to consider 'Daoxian wild mandarin', 'Mapiju mandarin' or 'Goushikan mandarin' as the type species of mandarins originated in China, "Kan" (large-fruited mandarins, eg, satsuma mandarin) might originate in two ways. One was hybridization between "Chu" (small-fruited mandarins such as ponkan) and C. sinensis, the other was just the variation of "Chu". C. tankan Tan. was a hybrid of 'Ponkan mandarin' (C. reticulata Blanco )and C. sinensis, C. unshiu Marc, might originate from the nucellar mutation of C. nobilis Lour, cv. Huangyanben diguangju.