Growth yields of green sulfur bacteria in mixed cultures with sulfur and sulfate reducing bacteria

1. Dry weight yields from mixed cultures ofProsthecochloris aestuarii orChlorobium limicola with the sulfur reducingDesulfuromonas acetoxidans were determined on different growth limiting amounts of acetate, ethanol or propanol. The obtained yields agreed well with values predicted from stoichiometric calculations. 2. From mixed cultures of twoChlorobium limicola strains withDesulfovibrio desulfuricans orD. gigas on ethanol as the growth limiting substrate, dry weight yields were obtained as calculated for the complete utilization of the ethanol by the mixed cultures. 3. Dry weight yield determinations for two pure cultures ofChlorobium limicola with different growth limiting amounts of sulfide in the absence and presence of excess acetate confirmed that acetate is incorporated byChlorobium in a fixed proportion to sulfide; compared to the yield in the absence of acetate the yield is increased two to threefold in the presence of acetate. 4. The lowest possible sulfide concentrations necessary for optimal growth of mixed cultures of eitherProsthecochloris orChlorobium withDesulfuromonas on acetate were 7–8 mg H₂S per liter of medium. 5. Doubling times at the growth rate limiting light intensities of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 lux were determined under optimal growth conditions for the following phototrophic bacteria:Prosthecochloris aestuarii, Chlorobium phaeovibriodes, Chromatium vinosum andRhodopseudomonas capsulata. Reasonably good growth was still obtained withProsthecochloris at 10 and 5 lux light intensity at which no growth of the purple bacteria could be observed.