The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and its compatibility with triflumuron: effects on the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;2. Hellenic Agricultural Organisation “Demeter”, NAGREF, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, P.O. Box 2228, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan;2. Molecular Ecology, Institute for Sustainable Sciences, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland;1. Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;2. Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, Brazil;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;1. Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340, km 127,5, S/N – Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna, SP 13820-000, Brazil;2. Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil;3. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil;4. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of the mycoinsecticide Naturalis-L (Beauveria bassiana conidial formulation) on the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Compatibility of B. bassiana with triflumuron (benzoylphenyl urea typically used as an insecticide, but also with acaricide effects), was also investigated in order to incorporate both in the control of this pest. For each juvenile stage, 180–22,800 viable conidia/mL on deutonymphs, 380–12,160 viable conidia/mL on protonymphs, and 712–7480 viable conidia/mL on larvae were evaluated. For the adult stage, the concentrations ranged from 213 to 54,720 viable conidia/mL. The mortality data used in the analysis were those accumulated after 5 days of treatment for deutonymphs and protonymphs, 7 days for larvae and 9 days for adults. The lethal concentration to kill 50% (LC50) for the juvenile stages was 3184 viable conidia/mL (their probit-log concentration regression lines were the same), and 1949 viable conidia/mL for adults. No significant differences in mortality were observed among egg age classes (24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h-old eggs) at the tested concentrations (1400–22,800 viable conidia/mL). When B. bassiana was combined with 0.25 g Alsystin (25% triflumuron as a wettable powder)/L, mite egg mortality decreased significantly. Triflumuron reduced mycelial growth but not conidial germination of B. bassiana. This fungus is a possible candidate to be included in integrated pest management programs with triflumuron of T. urticae. In such programs, the possible antagonist effects of triflumuron should be considered. |
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