Physiology and pathophysiology of iron in hemoglobin-associated diseases |
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| Institution: | 1. Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, Professor of Clinical Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL;3. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen''s University, Toronto, Canada;1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China;2. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, P.R. China |
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| Abstract: | Iron overload and iron toxicity, whether because of increased absorption or iron loading from repeated transfusions, can be major causes of morbidity and mortality in a number of chronic anemias. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of iron homeostasis over the past decade. At the same time, advances in magnetic resonance imaging have allowed clinicians to monitor and quantify iron concentrations noninvasively in specific organs. Furthermore, effective iron chelators are now available, including preparations that can be taken orally. This has resulted in substantial improvement in mortality and morbidity for patients with severe chronic iron overload. This paper reviews the key points of iron homeostasis and attempts to place clinical observations in patients with transfusional iron overload in context with the current understanding of iron homeostasis in humans. |
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| Keywords: | Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Iron overload Hemochromatosis Sickle cell disease Magnetic resonance imaging Chelation ROS Iron toxicity Transfusion |
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