我国农户生计转型的生态效应研究综述

生计作为人类最主要的行为方式,对人地系统的演化起着主导驱动作用,探讨人类生计与生态环境的相互关系成为当前人地系统科学的研究热点,农户作为广大农村最主要的经济活动主体与最基本的决策单位,其所采取的生计策略对生态环境产生着深远影响。在阐释农户生计转型及其驱动因素的基础上,建立了农户生计转型的生态效应分析框架,梳理了近年来国内农户生计转型的生态效应研究主要进展,指出未来研究中需关注农户的生计演变规律及其调控机制、农户生计策略对生态环境的作用机制、农户生计转型的生态效应评估与监测、农户的可持续生计方式塑建等关键问题。

A review of ecological effect of peasant's livelihood transformation in China

As the uppermost behavioral pattern, the livelihood drives the human-earth system evolution. Therefore, it is the present research hotspot of the human-earth system science to study the interrelationship between human livelihood and eco-environment, livelihood analysis have attracted increasing interests as a new perception on explaining and solving the eco-environment problems in the eco-fragile region. In order to comprehensively understand research status of the relationship between the peasant''s livelihood and eco-environment, the paper firstly analyzes the key driving factors for the farmer''s livelihood transformation based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework provided by the UK''s Department for International Development (DFID).Then, the paper founds out the analytical framework of the ecological effect of the peasant''s livelihood transformation, teases out the main research fields about impact of the peasant''s livelihood transformation on eco-environment in recent years, the main research fields include impact of the peasant''s livelihood transformation on the arable land utilization model and the rural residential land model, the impact on the rural life energy consumption model and on ecological restoration. Finally, the paper points out that the research on the relationship between the farmer''s livelihood and eco-environment in the future should pay close attention to several questions which include the farmer''s livelihood evolution rule and its regulatory mechanism, the mechanism of the farmer''s livelihood transition on eco-environment, evaluation and monitoring the ecological effect of the farmer''s livelihood transition and the sustainable livelihood mode establishment.