外泌体miRNA的生物学功能及其在肺纤维化疾病中的调控作用

外泌体是一种微型纳米级细胞外囊泡,由于能够直接参与细胞间信息的传递和物质的运输,被认为是细胞间通讯、免疫调节、疾病诊断和预后循环生物学标志物的重要载体,其携带的核酸和蛋白质等内含物能够影响受体细胞的生理状态.作为一种内源性非编码微小RNA,microRNA (miRNA)对疾病诊断和治疗有着重要的研究价值,有大量证据表明该类分子对肺部疾病的发病进程起着控制调节作用.本文聚焦于近年来细胞外泌体来源miRNA的生物学特性和功能领域,综述了近年来生物医学研究中的热点分子外泌体miRNA在肺部疾病尤其是肺纤维化中调控功能和机制的研究,因此不仅能为肺纤维化疾病的诊断提供新的标志物分子,并且还能够为肺纤维化的外泌体干预治疗建议新的干预策略.

Study on The Biological Function of Exosomal miRNA and Its Regulation in Pulmonary Fibrosis Disease

Exosome is a kind of micro and nanometer level extracellular vesicles. Because it can directly participate in the transmission of information between cells and the transport of substances, exosome is considered to be an important carrier of biomarkers for intercellular communication, immunomodulation, disease diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the nucleic acid and protein contained in exosome can affect significantly the physiological state of recipient cells. As an endogenous non-coding microRNA, miRNA is of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. There is a great deal of evidence that these molecules play a role in controlling and regulating the pathogenesis of lung diseases. This review article focuses on the biological characteristics and functional fields of exosome derived miRNA in recent years, and summarizes the regulation function and mechanism of exosomal miRNA in lung diseases, especially pulmonary fibrosis, which is a hot topic in biomedical research in recent years. Therefore, it can not only act as a new molecular biomarker for the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis, but also suggest a new therapy strategy for exosomal intervention of pulmonary fibrosis.