活细胞结构力学与荧光张力检测探针

微观力学效应决定着细胞形态结构变化，胞内动力蛋白、肌球蛋白和驱动蛋白等马达分子，构成了细胞微丝微管骨架结构组装的原始驱动力.而以细胞骨架结构为支架的力学感受器，也反馈性调节着细胞力学信号及其生物学效应，组成细胞结构调控必不可缺的力学基础，两者协同调控了机体生理和病理活动.本文从生物微观力学效应和信号入手，介绍了一种基于荧光共振能量转移(FRET)原理的活细胞结构力学检测新技术，将微观结构力学变化转换为光学信号，并采用克隆技术将其插入α辅肌动蛋白、β肌动蛋白及血影蛋白等骨架及相关蛋白质，观察活细胞、组织甚至动物整体水平结构力学变化，为癌细胞侵袭转移、分裂增殖、细胞极化、反分化以及太空失重等生物物理医学研究探寻新的途径.

Structural Mechanics in Living Cells and Fluorescence-Based Force/Tension Sensors

Structural transformation of cell morphology is determined by micromechanical effect in living cells. Original driving force for assembling microfilament and microtubule cytoskeleton derives from motor molecules such as dynein, myosin and kinesin. Further, the mechanical receptors based on cytoskeleton structure make feedback regulation of the cell mechanic-related signals and biological effects. These were in conjunction with each other for regulating body’s physiological and pathological activities, then generate essential mechanical basis of structural control in cells. In contact with biomechanical effects and signals, a novel technology based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET) was applied to detect living cells’ structural mechanics in this review. These probes can be inserted into skeleton and relevant proteins like alpha-actinin, beta-actin and spectrin with cloning technology for detecting, and convert mechanical changes into optical signals to observe the variation of mechanics on the level of living cells, tissues and even overall animals. The detecting technology can offer new avenues in biological and medical physics research, including invasive carcinoma, fission and proliferation, cell polarization, dedifferentiation and weightlessness in outer space.