漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群时空分布及生态效应

基于2009年9月至2012年8月期间对漓江上中下游3个河流区段的4次采样调查,分析了漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的组成与时空分布状况及其对河流生境变化的响应情况。结果表明:漓江大型底栖动物以刮食者占据绝对优势,其次依次是滤食者、收集者、捕食者和撕食者。刮食者中优势种为中华园田螺和黑龙江短沟蜷,滤食者中优势种为河蚬和纹石蚕,收集者中优势种为小蜉和摇蚊幼虫,捕食者中优势种为扁舌蛭和蜻蜓幼虫,撕食者中优势种为泥甲。根据功能摄食类群参数对河流生境以及人类活动影响的评价表明,人类居住生活对生境稳定性的影响显著大于旅游观光带来的影响,环境因子中溶解氧(DO)、pH、电导率(EC)、温度(Temp)、浊度(Tur)、化学需氧量(COD)和总氮(TN)等环境因子与漓江大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的相关性均较强。

Spatial-temporal distribution and ecological effects of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in the Lijiang River

The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition, and spatial and temporal distribution of the functional feeding groups of large benthic animals in the Lijiang River, as well as their responses to changes in riverine habitat based on four sampling surveys of three study areas in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Lijiang River, from September 2009 to August 2012. The results showed that scrapers were the main component in the Lijiang River community, followed by filter-collectors gather-collectors, predators, and shredders. The dominant scraper species were Cipangopaludina cathayensis and Semisulcospira amurensis. The dominant filter-collector species were Corbicula fluminea and Hydropsyche. The dominant gather-collector species were Ephemerellidae and Chironomidae larvae. The dominant predator species were Glossiphonia complanata and Dragonfly nymphs, and the dominant shredder species was Helichus sp. The evaluation of the Lijiang River ecosystem based on the metrics of functional feeding groups showed that the effect of human activities on the stability of habitat was greater than that of tourism. Environmental factors, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen, were strongly correlated with the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates in the Lijiang River.