Girdling induces oxidative damage and triggers enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences in Citrus leaves |
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| Authors: | Fernando Rivas Fernando Fornes Manuel Agustí |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 132, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;3. Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Ringlaan 3, 1100 Brussels, Belgium;4. Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;5. Unité de Physique des Biosystèmes, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d''Agronomie 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;6. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College & Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh;2. Department of Urology, The Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;3. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;4. F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia;1. Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy;2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden;5. Functional Food and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Agricolture Research Council, CRA-NUT, Rome, Italy;6. Unit of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy;1. Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, aleja Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;2. Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Transit Campus, Government ITI, 760010 Berhampur, Odisha, India;1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China |
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| Abstract: | The effects of girdling on oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant metabolites and proline (Pro) were studied in leaves arising from different shoot types of potted 2-year-old ‘Loretina’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees during the spring flush period. Girdling increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and basal chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence (Fo) in young leaves 30 days after girdling but not in the mature leaves (ML) suggesting a disruption of photosynthetic apparatus and oxidative damage in young leaves. This phenomenon was accompanied by increasing levels of Pro. Paralleling these changes, an increase of all antioxidant enzyme activities occurred in leaves from vegetative (VG) and multiflowered leafy shoots (MLY) of girdled trees. Similarly, in ML of girdled trees, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity also increased. However, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged. Total leaf carbohydrate content and starch also increased as a result of girdling in all shoot types. Whilst soluble sugars increased markedly in young leaves, they increased only slightly in ML. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that girdling gives rise to oxidative damage in Citrus during carbohydrate accumulation, triggering enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms. |
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