贵州省生态系统服务价值时空演变及其对景观格局变化的响应

贵州省是我国生态文明试验区,也是世界上岩溶地貌发育最典型的地区之一,探明其生态系统服务价值变化及其与景观格局在空间上的相关性分布特征,有利于因地制宜地制定生态环境治理和保护措施。本研究分析了2005—2018年间贵州省景观格局和生态系统服务的时空变化,并构建二者之间的地理加权回归模型,探讨其相关系数在空间上的变化。结果表明: 2005—2018年间,贵州省景观类型的转移主要发生在建设用地、森林、水域、草地和农田5种景观之间,景观破碎度和多样性增加;生态系统服务价值逐年增长,森林是贵州省生态系统服务价值的主要贡献者,生态系统服务以调节服务为主;对于高价值景观类型而言,多样性提升和破碎度降低有利于生态系统服务价值增长;而在低价值景观类型集中的区域,则呈现出相反的影响效果。应根据贵州省不同区域的生态环境特征,调整景观转移方向和不同景观类型的多样性和破碎度空间分布,从而实现生态系统服务价值增长。

Temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem service value and its response to landscape pattern change in Guizhou Province,China.

Guizhou Province is a test area of ecological civilization in China, and one of the most typical areas of karst landform development in the world. Exploring the change of ecosystem service value and its spatial correlation distribution characteristics with landscape pattern is conducive to formulating ecological environment improvement and protection measures according to local conditions. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of landscape pattern and ecosystem services in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2018 and constructed a geographically weighted regression model to explore the spatial changes of their correlation coefficients. The results showed that the transfer of landscape types in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2018 mainly occurred in the five landscapes of construction land, forest, water, grassland, and cropland. The landscape fragmentation and diversity increased. The value of ecosystem services was increasing year by year. Forests were the main contributors to the value of ecosystem services in Guizhou Province, with regulation services as the main ecosystem services. For high-value landscape types, the increase of diversity and the reduction of fragmentation were conducive to the increases of ecosystem service value. In the area with concentrated low-value landscape types, it showed the opposite effect. The direction of landscape transfer and the spatial distribution of diversity and fragmentation of different landscape types should be adjusted according to the characteristics of ecological environment in different regions of Guizhou Province, to realize the increases of ecosystem service value.