基于生态足迹-净初级生产力的珠三角城市群经济与生态的关系

随着区域经济一体化进程加快,人类活动对区域可持续发展的影响越来越重要。本研究利用MODIS遥感数据,基于净初级生产力的生态足迹法(EF-NPP),对珠三角城市群6大生物生产性土地面积的均衡因子和产量因子进行计算,分析研究区2000—2020年的人均生态足迹、生态承载力、自然资源利用效率和生态适度人口的变化。结果表明: 2000—2020年,珠三角城市群人均生态足迹不断上升,化石能源用地的生态占用最高,人均生态足迹呈现出西部高、中部低、东北部较高的空间变化特征;人均生态承载力高值集中分布在肇庆市、江门市,低值集中分布在深圳市、东莞市、佛山市、中山市;生态适度人口与区域实际人口的差距随时间呈增大趋势,其中,2020年生态适度人口与区域实际人口的差距达3062万人,区域实际人口数远大于生态适度人口数,人口压力大;三大产业自然资源利用效率高,人均生态足迹所能创造的经济效益在研究期间增加3.68 万元·hm^-2,年均增速为0.18万元·hm^-2,且第三产业的增加速度最快。研究结果能为中小尺度区域自然资源利用效率的研究提供一定的借鉴与参考。

Relationship between economy and ecology of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration based on ecological footprint of net primary productivity

With the acceleration of regional economic integration, human activities have played an increasingly crucial role in regional sustainable development. In this study, MODIS remote sensing data and ecological footprint of net primary productivity (EF-NPP) were leveraged to calculate the equivalence factor and yield factor of the six major biologically productive land areas in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. We analyzed the changes in per capita ecological footprint, per capita ecological carrying capacity, natural resource utilization efficiency and ecological moderate population from 2000 to 2020. Results showed that the per capita ecological footprint in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration continued to rise from 2000 to 2020. The ecological occupation of energy land was the highest. The ecological footprint was high in west, low in middle, and higher in northwest of the study area. The per capita ecological carrying capacity was relatively high in Zhaoqing and Jiangmen and low in Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan and Zhongshan. The gap between the ecological moderate population and the regional actual population widened over time, reaching 30.62 million in 2020. The regional actual population was much larger than the ecological moderate population, indicating huge population pressure. The natural resource utilization efficiency of the three main industries was high. The economic benefits created by the per capita ecological footprint increased by 36800 yuan·hm^-2 during the research period, with an average annual growth rate of 1800 yuan·hm^-2. The growth rate of the tertiary industry was the highest. Therefore, the results could provide reference for the study on natural resource utilization efficiency in medium and small-scale regions.