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Synthesis and antifungal activities of hydrophilic cationic polymers against Rhizoctonia solani |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Rd., Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China;2. College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Rd., Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China;1. Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;2. Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan;3. Center of Excellence on Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;1. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;1. National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials (NCCCM), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), ECIL PO, Hyderabad, 500062, India;2. Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India;3. Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India |
| Abstract: | A series of linear hydrophilic cationic polymers with different charge density and molecular weights were synthesized by one-step polymerization process. The effect of the hydrophobicity and molecular weights on the antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4) was assessed. The biotoxicity of the cationic polymers were evaluated based on their median lethal concentration (LC50) for zebrafish and silkworm and median lethal dose (LD50) for Kunming mice. The results indicated that the balance between antifungal activity and biotoxicity could be well tuned by controlling the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PEPB10 and PEPB25 against R. solani were 160 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL, respectively. And the LD50 for Kunming mice of PEPB10 and PEPB25 were more than 5000 mg/kg, which mean that PEPB10 and PEPB25 with high hydrophilicity show low toxicity and better selectivity for R. solani. The cationic polymers can kill the R. solani by damaging their membranes and exchanging the Ca2+ or/and Mg2+ cations of their membranes or cell wall. These results help to understand the antifungal mechanism of low-toxic polymeric quaternary ammonium salts and highlight their potential application as highly selective fungicidal agents for controlling plant diseases. |
| Keywords: | Linear hydrophilic cationic polymers Hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance Low toxicity High selectivity Antifungal mechanism |
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