A method for determining knotty core sizes of standing Pinus patula trees based on tree ring sampling |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;2. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, SE-40014 Gothenburg, Sweden;3. University of Gothenburg, Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 460, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;1. Texas A&M University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, 2126 TAMU, College Station, TX 77845, United States;2. Univiersity of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, 353 Newins-Ziegler Hall, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States;1. School of Logistics, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China;2. Beijing Key Lab for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Key Lab of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;3. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA;4. The Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China;5. Beijing Waiteksin Advanced Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100048, China;1. College of Precision Instrument & Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;2. Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information and Technical Science (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China |
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| Abstract: | The objectives of this study were to develop and assess a method of using tree ring measurements in standing pruned Pinus patula trees for modelling the knotty core of the pruned section of a tree and to assess variability in knotty core diameters in the tree stem. A total of 170 trees from 17 compartments on a wide variety of growth sites from the Mpumalanga escarpment in South Africa were selected and destructively sampled. We show that ring width measurements at breast height can be used to predict growth in the upper pruned section which in turn can be used to reconstruct the internal knotty core through the full pruned section of the log.Analysis of variation for the entire data set from ring width measurements showed that there was far greater variation in knotty core percentages (the percentage of diameter occupied by knotty core) between different compartments than within compartments. Within a tree, the knotty core percentages between three stem sections, 0.0–2.4 m, 2.4–4.8 m, and 4.8–7 m, differed significantly. As expected the knotty core percentages were found to increase from the bottom section (49.1%) to the top section (65.4%).A comparison of the actual measured knotty core size and the modeled knotty core size of a sub-sample of trees showed only a modest relationship (R2 = 0.62). Reasons for this might be variability in pruning quality, inaccurate pruning records, nodal swellings, and the methodology used to measure the actual knotty core sizes.Knowledge of knotty core sizes can be used as a decision aid in the forest and forest products industry. |
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| Keywords: | Knotty core Tree-ring Pruning |
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