Pattern of ant diversity in Korea: An empirical test of Rapoport's altitudinal rule |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea;2. Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, 4-301 Hyundai Prime Apartment, Gu-ui 3dong, Seoul 143-203, Republic of Korea;1. University School of Agriculture, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh- 147301;2. Asian Institution, Patiala-147002;3. University of Agricultural Science & Technology, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India;1. Insect Biosystematic Laboratory, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Animal Phylogeny and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea;1. The 21st Century Life Science Foundation, Hankook Life Science Institute, Hansaengyeon, Gyeonggi-do 463-811, Republic of Korea;2. Majors in Plant Resource Sciences & Environment, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea;3. The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea;1. Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan;2. Department of Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan;3. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China |
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| Abstract: | Two diversity patterns (hump-shaped and monotonic decrease) frequently occur along altitude or latitude gradients. We examined whether patterns of ant species richness along altitudes in South Korea can be described by these patterns and whether ranges of ant species follow Rapoport's altitudinal rule. Ants on 12 high mountains (> 1100 m) throughout South Korea (from 33° N to 38° N) were surveyed using pitfall traps at intervals of 200–300 m altitude. The temperatures at the sampling sites were determined from digital climate maps. Ant species richness decreased monotonically along the altitudinal gradient and increased along the temperature gradient. However, species richness of cold-adapted species (highland species) showed a hump-shaped pattern along altitude and temperature gradients. The altitude and temperature ranges of ant species followed Rapoport's rule. Sampling site temperature ranges were significantly correlated with coldness. Therefore, Rapoport's rule can be explained by high cold-tolerance of species inhabiting high altitudes or latitudes. |
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