Characterization of resistance to clofentezine in populations of European red mite from orchards in Ontario |
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Authors: | Pree D J Bittner L A Whitty K J |
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Institution: | (1) Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario, L0R 2E0, Canada |
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Abstract: | Resistance to clofentezine was identified in four populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), from apple orchards in Ontario after ca. 5 years use. Resistance was expressed at high levels (> 2000-fold at the
LC 50) to clofentezine in a population selected in the laboratory. This population was resistant to hexythiazox and to the
organotin compounds cyhexatin and fenbutatin-oxide. However, a population selected with fenbutatin-oxide did not show cross
resistance to clofentezine. The clofentezine-resistant population was not resistant to pyridaben, propargite or dicofol. The
synergists, piperonyl butoxide and DEF, were ineffective in overcoming the resistance. Resistance to clofentezine declined
rapidly in a mixed population (most resistance was lost in fewer than three generations). There were several fitness factors
(fewer eggs/female, longer egg stage, longer development time for males) associated with the resistant population which may
have contributed to the loss of resistant phenotypes. However, in a second test in which selection was removed from a resistant
population, resistance persisted for at least 10 generations. Observations on field populations indicated that resistance
persisted for at least two seasons.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | acaricide clofentezine cross resistance resistance management European red mite Panonychus ulmi |
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