应用生物效应数据库法建立淡水水体沉积物重金属质量基准

重金属是水体沉积物中的重要污染物,可能对底栖生物和水生态环境产生严重的危害.生物效应数据库法是国际上广泛接受的沉积物质量基准计算方法.本文介绍了利用该方法计算沉积物质量基准的详细过程,并应用该方法初步建立了Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Ni 5种重金属的淡水沉积物质量基准,对建立基准值进行了可比性、可靠性和可预测性分析.结果表明: Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu的临界效应浓度(TEL)分别为3.0、31.4、47.3、74.9和45.5 mg·kg^-1(以干质量计),可能效应浓度值(PEL)为19、76.9、204.1、403.6和181.1 mg·kg^-1(以干质量计).除Zn外,其他4种重金属的TEL、PEL值与其定义的生物效应基本一致,符合针对保护底栖生物制定的沉积物质量基准的要求,具有较高的可靠性,可以作为淡水水体沉积物重金属质量基准建议值.

Sediment heavy metals quality criteria for fresh waters based on biological effect database approach

Heavy metals are the important pollutants in sediments,which can cause serious damage to benthonic organisms and aquatic ecology,while biological effect database approach(BEDA) is a widely used method for assessing sediment quality in developed countries or regions.This paper introduced the concrete steps of this approach,and built the sediment quality criteria of five heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,and Ni) for fresh waters.The comparability,reliability,and predictability of the criteria were also tested.It was shown that the threshold effect level(TEL) of the Cd,Ni,Pb,Zn,and Cu was 3.0,31.4,47.3,74.9,and 45.5 mg·kg-1 dry mass,and the probable effect level(PEL) of the Cd,Ni,Pb,Zn,and Cu was 19,76.9,204.1,403.6,and 181.1 mg·kg-1 dry mass basis,respectively.Except for Zn,the TEL and PEL for the Cu,Cd,Pb,and Ni were consistent with the definitional biological effect of the heavy metals,being accor-dance with the demands of sediment quality criteria for protecting benthic organisms and having high reliability,and thus,could be used as the proposed sediment quality criteria for fresh waters in China.