Biological Activities of Triterpenoids and Phenolic Compounds from Myrica cerifera Bark |
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Authors: | Jie Zhang Satoshi Yamada Eri Ogihara Masahiro Kurita Norihiro Banno Wei Qu Feng Feng Toshihiro Akihisa |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China;2. College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo, Japan;3. Ichimaru Pharcos Company Ltd., Motosu‐shi, Gifu, Japan;4. Akihisa Medical Clinic, Sanda‐shi, Hyogo, Japan |
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Abstract: | Seven triterpenoids, 1 – 7 , two diarylheptanoids, 8 and 9 , four phenolic compounds, 10 – 13 , and three other compounds, 14 – 16 , were isolated from the hexane and MeOH extracts of the bark of Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae). Among these compounds, betulin ( 1 ), ursolic acid ( 3 ), and myricanol ( 8 ) exhibited cytotoxic activities against HL60 (leukemia), A549 (lung), and SK‐BR‐3 (breast) human cancer cell lines (IC50 3.1 – 24.2 μm ). Compound 8 induced apoptotic cell death in HL60 cells (IC50 5.3 μm ) upon evaluation of the apoptosis‐inducing activity by flow cytometric analysis and by Hoechst 33342 staining method. Western blot analysis on HL60 cells revealed that 8 activated caspases‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 suggesting that 8 induced apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in HL60. Upon evaluation of the melanogenesis‐inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), erythrodiol ( 7 ), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxyphenyl β‐d ‐glucopyranoside ( 13 ), and butyl quinate ( 15 ) exhibited inhibitory effects (65.4 – 86.0% melanin content) with no, or almost no, toxicity to the cells (85.9 – 107.4% cell viability) at 100 μm concentration. In addition, 8 , myricanone ( 9 ), myricitrin ( 10 ), protocatechuic acid ( 11 ), and gallic acid ( 12 ) revealed potent DPPH radical‐scavenging activities (IC50 6.9 – 20.5 μm ). |
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Keywords: | Myrica  cerifera Triterpenoids Phenolic compounds Cytotoxicity Melanogenesis‐inhibitory activity Antioxidant activity |
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