趋化因子及趋化因子受体3在自身免疫疾病中的作用

人体在防御和清除入侵病原体等异物时,有一种使白细胞趋集的功能,有一些低分子量的物质能引起这种功能称之为趋化剂或趋化因子。这些小蛋白因其有定向细胞趋化作用而得名。经研究表明,趋化因子受体3（CXCR3）趋化因子可能在自身免疫内分泌疾病中起到致病作用。此外,血清中CXCR3趋化因子的判定可能辅助检测免疫活性。CXCR3和优先参与趋化Th1细胞的因子。该受体连接的趋化因子10（CXCL10）不仅参与白细胞募集,还诱导T细胞增殖的异源体和抗原的刺激。趋化因子10正调节Th1细胞产物并且负调节Th2细胞的产物。免疫反应纤维结合素（INF）产物可增强特异的炎症反应。当被激活或者发现炎症和肿瘤细胞后趋化因子受体3-B在内皮细胞中表达并且其结合的趋化因子10,趋化因子9和趋化因子11激活后产生血管抑制作用。

Roles of chemokines and CXCR3 in endocrine autoimmune diseases

Chemokines are a group of peptides of low molecular weight that induce the chemotaxis of different leukocyte subtypes.The major function of chemokines is the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites,but they also play a role in tumoral growth,angiogenesis,and organ sclerosis.The fact that,after IFN-stimulation,endocrine epithelial cells secrete CXCL10,which in turn recruits type 1 T helper lymphocytes expressing CXCR3 and secreting IFN-,thus perpetuating autoimmune inflammation,strongly supports the concept that chemokinesplay an important role in endocrine autoimmunity.This article reviews the recent literature including basic science,animal models,and clinical studies,regarding the role of these chemokines in autoimmune endocrine diseases.In the last few years,experimental evidence accumulated supporting the concept that interferon-（IFN-） inducible chemokines（CXCL9,CXCL10,and CXCL11） and their receptor,CXCR3,play an important role in the initial stage of autoimmune disorders involving endocrine glands.