Bacterial Community Composition in Different Sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: a Comparison of Four 16S Ribosomal DNA Clone Libraries |
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Authors: | Paraskevi N Polymenakou Stefan Bertilsson Anastasios Tselepides Euripides G Stephanou |
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Institution: | (1) Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, GR 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;(2) Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;(3) Limnology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 20, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | The regional variability of sediment bacterial community composition and diversity was studied by comparative analysis of
four large 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries from sediments in different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Thermaikos
Gulf, Cretan Sea, and South lonian Sea). Amplified rDNA restriction analysis of 664 clones from the libraries indicate that
the rDNA richness and evenness was high: for example, a near-1:1 relationship among screened clones and number of unique restriction
patterns when up to 190 clones were screened for each library. Phylogenetic analysis of 207 bacterial 16S rDNA sequences from
the sediment libraries demonstrated that Gamma-, Delta-, and Alphaproteobacteria, Holophaga/Acidobacteria, Planctomycetales,
Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia were represented in all four libraries. A few clones also grouped with
the Betaproteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Spirochaetales, Chlamydiae, Firmicutes, and candidate division OPl 1. The abundance of
sequences affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria was higher in libraries from shallow sediments in the Thermaikos Gulf (30 m)
and the Cretan Sea (100 m) compared to the deeper South Ionian station (2790 m). Most sequences in the four sediment libraries
clustered with uncultured 16S rDNA phylotypes from marine habitats, and many of the closest matches were clones from hydrocarbon
seeps, benzene-mineralizing consortia, sulfate reducers, sulk oxidizers, and ammonia oxidizers. LIBSHUFF statistics of 16S
rDNA gene sequences from the four libraries revealed major differences, indicating either a very high richness in the sediment
bacterial communities or considerable variability in bacterial community composition among regions, or both. |
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