亚洲小车蝗对内蒙古典型草原3种禾本科植物取食特性研究

通过了解亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus的取食特性,为有害生物的防治和草原生态环境的保护提供理论依据。在分析亚洲小车蝗发生与羊草Leymus chinensis、克氏针茅Stipa krylovii及糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa等3种禾本科植物特征参数关系的基础上,通过罩笼试验调查了罩笼内亚洲小车蝗3~5龄蝗蝻的存活率,比较了亚洲小车蝗的取食数量、取食高度及取食率等特性。结果表明,克氏针茅和糙隐子草生态优势度与亚洲小车蝗发生数量显著正相关,亚洲小车蝗喜食克氏针茅和糙隐子草(0.25≤RFN<0.5),少食羊草(0.025≤RFN<0.25)。4龄和5龄蝗蝻对克氏针茅和糙隐子草取食量显著大于羊草。亚洲小车蝗取食高度位于植物中下部(9~10cm),与3种植被高度无关;取食后上部掉落造成损失,特别是对克氏针茅的为害更大;亚洲小车蝗取食克氏针茅和糙隐子草时的存活率显著高于取食羊草时的存活率。结论:以克氏针茅和糙隐子草为优势植物的典型草原更适合亚洲小车蝗的发生与为害,应加强该类草原亚洲小车蝗的监测预警和防控。

Feeding features of Oedaleus asiaticus on three species of Poaceae plants in the Inner Mongolia typical steppe

CUI Bo-Yang;HUANG Xun-Bing;GAO Li-Jun;XIN Ba-Yin;PANG Bao-Ping;ZHANG Ze-Hua(Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;Xilinhaote Grassland Station, Xilinhaote 026000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)