哀牢山兜兰,中国兰科一新天然杂种

报道了中国云南省兰科（Orchidaceae）兜兰属（Paphiopedilum）一新天然杂交种：哀牢山兜兰（Paphiopedilum×ailaoshanense B. Liu & S. P. Chen）。哀牢山兜兰与白旗兜兰（P. spicerianum）和沧源兜兰（P. gratrixianum var. cangyuanense）近缘，与前者的区别在于哀牢山兜兰花梗和子房有毛，中萼片带紫色晕以及紫色斑点，花瓣上侧暗绿色带紫色晕，下侧黄绿色；与后者的区别在于中萼片具1条宽阔的紫褐色中带，退化雌蕊紫色。哀牢山兜兰与天然杂种泸水兜兰（Paphiopedilum×lushuiense）相似，而哀牢山兜兰的中萼片下部边缘不后卷，近基部具紫红色晕，合萼片具2条明显紫色粗脉，花瓣匙形，上边缘波状，长6.0~6.2 cm，唇瓣长5.0~5.5 cm。为厘清哀牢山兜兰，沧源兜兰及白旗兜兰之间的关系，基于3个叶绿体基因片段（matK、rbcL、trnL），构建了兜兰属部分植物系统发育树。鉴于形态和分子数据，认为哀牢山兜兰是天然杂交种。凭证标本存放于福建农林大学标本馆。

Paphiopedilum×ailaoshanense, A New Natural Hybrid Species of Orchidaceae from China

A new natural hybrid species, Paphiopedilum×ailaoshanense B. Liu & S. P. Chen, from Yunnan Province, China, is reported, it is related to its parents P. spicerianum and P. gratrixianum var. cangyuanense. It is different from the former by hairy pedicel and ovary, purple halo and purple spots in dorsal sepal, dark green upper petal with purple halo, and yellowish green lower petal; and from the latter by a broad purple-brown midvein in middle sepals and purple pistil. The new natural hybrid was similar to the natural hybrid P.×lushuiense, however, the lower edge of dorsal sepal of P.×ailaoshanense is not retrorbed, with purplish red halo near base, synsepal with 2 distinct purple thick veins, petal spatulate, upper edge wavy, 6.0-6.2 cm long, lip length 5.0-5.5 cm, obviously different. In order to clarify the relationship among P.×ailaoshanense, P. spicerianum and P. gratrixianum var. cangyuanense, the phylogenetic tree of some Paphiopedilum was constructed based on three chloroplast gene sequences (matK, rbcL and trnL). In consideration of the morphological and molecular evidence, Paphiopedilum×ailaoshanense is identified as a natural hybrid. The vouchers are kept in the herbarium of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU).