光质及种子大小对普洱地区14种植物种子萌发的影响

以普洱地区14种常见植物种子为材料,在实验室条件下研究了其在白光、黑暗、红光和蓝光条件下的萌发特性,并分析了种子大小与萌发率、萌发速率、萌发开始时间的关系。结果表明:光质对四方蒿、沙针、尖子木、藿香蓟种子萌发率和萌发速率均有显著影响(P0.05)。光质对大叶斑鸠菊、云南山枇花、臭灵丹、车桑子、光萼猪屎豆、葫芦茶、云南地桃花、西南宿苞豆、岗柃、中国宿苞豆10个物种的种子萌发率和萌发速率均没有显著影响(P0.05),以上物种中除中国宿苞豆外,其他物种种子萌发率均在20%以下,处于休眠状态。四方蒿种子在白光(89.9%)和红光(84.7%)下萌发率最高,红光下种子萌发最快(4.93),蓝光下种子萌发开始时间最晚(11.3 d);沙针种子在白光下萌发率最高(80.4%)、萌发速率最快(2.71),在黑暗和蓝光下萌发率较低(43.9%和38%)、萌发速率最慢(0.73和0.85),白光、红光下萌发开始最早(11 d),黑暗条件下萌发开始最晚(21.7 d);尖子木种子萌发率在白光、黑暗、蓝光下均在86%以上,而红光下仅32%且萌发速率最慢(1.29),在蓝光下萌发开始时间最晚(13 d);藿香蓟种子萌发率和萌发速率在红光下最高(分别为71.3%和6.46),黑暗条件下最低(分别为42.5%和2.62);大叶斑鸠菊萌发开始时间在黑暗条件下最早(6 d),其次是白光下(7 d),蓝光和红光下较晚,分别为8 d和7.7 d。14个物种种子的萌发率与种子大小间均有显著负相关关系;种子萌发速率、萌发开始时间与种子大小间也有负相关关系,但不显著;种子大小与萌发率、萌发速率和萌发开始时间的关系不会随着光质的变化而发生变化。

Effects of light quality and seed size on fourteen species of plants in Puer region

In order to provide a scientific reference for the protection of local plants, the germination characteristics of fourteen common plant seeds in Puer were studied under the conditions of white light, dark, red light and blue light, and the relationships between seed size and germination percentage and germination rate were analyzed. The results showed that light qualities had significant effects on seed germination percentage and germination rate on Elsholtzia blanda, Osyris quadripartita, Oxyspora paniculata, Ageratum conyzoides(P<0.05). The quality of light had no effect on the germination percentage and germination rate of ten species,Vernonia volkameriifolia, Gordonia chrysandra, Laggera pterodonta, Dodonaea viscosa, Crotalaria zanzibarica, Tadehagi triquetrum, Urena lobata, Shuteria vestita, Eurya groffii and Shuteria involucrata(P>0.05). Among the ten species, only the seeds of S. involucrata had germination rate > 20%, all others < 20%. Elsholtzia blanda seeds had the highest percentage in white(89.9%)and red light(84.7%), germinated the fastest in red light(4.93)and at the latest in blue light(11.3 d). The germination percentage of Osyris quadripartita seeds was the highest(80.4%)and their germination rate was the fastest in white light(2.71), the case was opposite under dark and blue light(43.9% and 38%). The seeds of O. quadripartita germinated firstly under white and red light(11 d)and lastly under dark light(21.7 d). The O. paniculata seeds had germination rate > 86% under white and blue light and dark condition, had germination rate of 32% and germinated slowest in red light(1.29), and germinated lastly in blue light(13 d). The Ageratum conyzoides seeds had highest germination percentage(71.3%)and germination rate(6.46)in red light, lowest in dark condtion(42.5% and 2.62). The germination initiation time of Vernonia volkameriifolia was the first in dark condition(6 d), then was white light(7 d), and the last was in blue(8 d)and red light(7.7 d). There was a significant negative correlation between seed germination rate and seed size in fourteen species. There was also a negative correlation between seed germination rate, germination initiation time and seed size, but it was not significant. The relationship between seed size and germination percentage, germination rate and initiation time did not change with the change of light quality.