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Cellular Membrane Fluidity in Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing |
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| Authors: | Xiaoguang Yang Grace Y Sun Gunter P Eckert James C-M Lee |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden 2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA 3. Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA 4. Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany 5. Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA |
| Abstract: | The senile plaque is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques, is neurotoxic especially in its oligomeric form. Aβ is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases in the amyloidogenic pathway. Alternatively, APP can be cleaved by α-secretases within the Aβ domain to produce neurotrophic and neuroprotective α-secretase-cleaved soluble APP (sAPPα) in the nonamyloidogenic pathway. Since APP and α-, β-, and γ-secretases are membrane proteins, APP processing should be highly dependent on the membrane composition and the biophysical properties of cellular membrane. In this review, we discuss the role of the biophysical properties of cellular membrane in APP processing, especially the effects of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), fatty acids, cholesterol, and Aβ on membrane fluidity in relation to their effects on APP processing. |
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