An N-terminal sequence specific for a novel Homer1 isoform controls trafficking of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor in mammalian cells

Homer proteins bind to a proline-rich region of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and control their expression and localization at the excitatory postsynaptic density. We isolated a novel isoform of Homer1, Homer1d, from a mouse heart cDNA library. Its N-terminal end of 18 amino acids was unique among Homer1 variants (Homer1a-d), while the remainder of Homer1d was identical to that of Homer1b. To clarify the function of its N-terminus, we expressed Homer1b and 1d in the presence and absence of mGluR5b in HEK293T cells. When expressed alone, both Homer proteins were distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm and mGluR5b was on the plasma membrane (PM). When co-expressed, Homer1d and mGluR5b were co-localized on the PM, while Homer1b and mGluR5b were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Both Homer proteins bound to mGluR5b in vitro. Therefore, the N-terminal portion of Homer1d may facilitate trafficking of Homer1-mGluR5 complex from the ER to the PM.