Bioprocess engineering of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Echium italicum</Emphasis> L.: induction of shikonin and alkannin derivatives by two-liquid-phase suspension cultures |
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Authors: | Khadijeh Zare Hossein Nazemiyeh Ali Movafeghi Mahmood Khosrowshahli Alireza Motallebi-Azar Mohammadreza Dadpour Yadollah Omidi |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;(2) Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;(3) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;(4) School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; |
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Abstract: | An in vitro cell suspension culture of Echium italicum was established and assayed for the production of shikonin and alkannin derivatives. Callus tissues were induced from cotyledon
explants of the plant incubated onto the solidified B5 medium. A two-liquid-phase system suspension culture was then established
to elicit pigments of shikonin and alkannin derivatives using liquid paraffin. The presence of liquid paraffin efficiently
induced production of pigments in cultured cells. The production and/or accumulation of these compounds in the E. italicum cells was examined using fluorescence microscopy as the naphthoquinone molecules display autofluorescent properties. Phytochemical
analysis of the n-hexane extract of the medium was also carried out using preparative HPLC. The chemical structure of shikonin and alkannin
derivatives were characterized by UV, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR techniques. Based on our findings, this bioprocess engineering approach
resulted in induction of shikonin and alkannin derivatives, whereupon it may be recruited for production of these important
secondary metabolites. |
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