Cell death of chondrocytes is a combination between apoptosis and autophagy during the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis within an experimental model |
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Authors: | M Almonte-Becerril F Navarro-Garcia A Gonzalez-Robles M A Vega-Lopez C Lavalle J B Kouri |
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Institution: | 1.Laboratorio de Patología Osteoarticular, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular,Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional,México, DF,México;2.Departamento de Biología Celular,Cinvestav-IPN,México, DF,México;3.Secretario Académico de la Facultad de Medicina,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM),México, DF,México |
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Abstract: | The death of chondrocytes and the loss of extracellular matrix are the central features in cartilage degeneration during Osteoarthritis
(OA) pathogenesis. The mechanism by which chondrocytes are removed in OA cartilage are still not totally defined, although
previous reports support the presence of apoptotic as well as non apoptotic signals. In addition, in 2004 Roach and co-workers
suggested the term “Chondroptosis” to design the type of cell death present in articular cartilage, which include the presence
of some apoptotic and autophagic processes. To identify the mechanisms, as well as the chronology by which chondrocytes are
eliminated during OA pathogenesis, we decided to evaluate apoptosis (by active caspase 3 and TUNEL signal) and autophagy (by
LC3II molecule and cytoplasmic vacuolization) using Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques in an animal OA model.
During OA pathogenesis, chondrocytes exhibit modifications in their death process in each zone of the cartilage. At early
stages of OA, the death of chondrocytes starts with apoptosis in the superficial and part of the middle zones of the cartilage,
probably as a consequence of a constant mechanical damage in the joint. As the degenerative process progresses, high incidence
of active caspase 3 as well as LC3II expression are observed in the same cell, which indicate a combination of both death
processes. In contrast, in the deep zone, due the abnormal subchondral bone ossification during the OA pathogenesis, apoptosis
is the only mechanism observed. |
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